Citation Tools: Turabian/Chicago

Systems

Author-Date System

• Typically used for physical, natural, and social sciences
• In text citations follow (author name, year of publication) format

Notes-Bibliography System

• Typically used for the humanities
• Numbered footnotes direct the reader to shortened citations at the bottom of the page

Authors

One Author: Last Name, First Name.

Two or three authors: Last Name, First Name and First Name Last Name.

Four or more authors: 

• Bibliography: Last Name, First Name, First Name Last Name, First Name Last Name, First Name Last Name, and First Name Last Name.
• In-Text (including Footnotes): (Last Name et al.)

Formatting the Paper

• Double space the entire paper
• Use Times New Roman (or similar, easy to read font)
• Use 12 point font (no smaller than 10 point)
• All margins should be at least one inch
• Page number begins on the first page of text (top right corner)

Title Page

• Title should be centered, one third of the way down the page
• Name, class information, and date should be several lines below
• Double space the title page

Main Body

• Titles mentioned in text should follow "headline style" capitalization
  • First words of titles, subtitles, and important words should be capitalized
• Books, periodicals, and plays should be italicized
• Articles and chapters should be in quotation marks

Works Cited

• "References" - Author-Date System
• "Bibliography" - Notes-Bibliography System
• There should be two spaces between "References/Bibliography" and the first entry
• There should be one space between each entry
• Always write "and" instead of "&"
• Provide DOI and URL whenever possible
• Write the Publishers name out completely
• Citations should be in alphabetical order
• If there is no identifiable author, start with the Title of the work
• If there is no date on a printed work cited, use "n.d"