Citation Tools & Managers
- Citation MachineCitation Machine is a basic citation generator that includes a variety of citation styles including but not limited to APA, MLA, AMA, SBL, Chicago, and Turabian.
- MendeleyMendeley is a citation management system that allows you to organize citations, store PDFs of articles, cite, and communicate with other scholars. It can be accessed via any web browser and downloaded as a desktop client. The web and desktop versions are meant to be used together.
APA Paper Formatting
- Sample Student PaperUse this sample student paper to see a sample title page, headings, in-text citations, and references page for an APA paper.
APA Guides
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by Call Number: Ref BF76.7 .P83 2020
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Major changes from APA 6
- Only one space after periods.
- Acceptable font options now include: Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, Times New Roman 12, and Georgia 11
- No location/city needed for book or book chapter citations.
- No running heads for student papers.
- The first in-text citation for 3 or more authors no longer includes all the authors, just the first and et al.
- Write out all authors for a citation if 20 or less authors on a single citation. Shorten citation only with 21 authors or more.
General Rules
Authors
One author: Last Name, A.A.
Two authors: Last Name, A.A., & Last Name, B.B.
Three to Twenty authors: Last Name, A.A., Last Name, B.B., Last Name, C.C., Last Name, D.D., Last Name, E.E.,
Twenty one or more authors: list first 19 authors, add a three dot ellipse, then the last author
A group or corporate author: Spell the name out.
In Text Citations
In-text citations for direct quotes require citing a specific part of a source. This typically includes page numbers or paragraph numbers, but could include chapters, verses, line, tables, slides, or even the tme stamp for a video. Examples for single and multiple pages and paragraphs are listed below. For more examples, see page. 264 of the Publication Manual.
| Author Type | In-text citation | In-text citation (author mentioned in the text) |
|---|---|---|
| One author | (Luna, 2020, p. 3) | Luna (2020) rest of the sentence (p.3). |
| Two authors | (Salas & D'Agostino, 2020, pp. 1-4) | Salas & D'Agostino (2020) rest of the sentence (pp. 1-4). |
| Three or more authors | (Martin et al., 2020, p. 2) | Martin et al. (2020) rest of the sentence (p. 2) |
| Group author (with abbreviation) |
(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2020, paras. 2-3) *all references after the first (NIMH, 2020, paras. 2-3) |
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2020, paras. 2-3) *all references after the first NIMH (2020) rest of the sentence (paras. 2-3). |
| Group author (without abbreviation) | (Stanford University, 2020, p. 1) | Stanford University (2020) rest of the sentence (p.1). |
Citations with missing elements
| Missing element | Reference list *(just the order of the first elements, format the rest for that source type) | In-text citation |
|---|---|---|
| Author | Title. (Date). Source |
(Title, year) |
| Date | Author. (n.d.). Title. Source. |
(Author, n.d.) |
| Title | Author. (Date). [Description of work]. Source. | (Author, year) |
| Author and date | Title. (n.d.). Source. | (Title, n.d.) |
Reference List
- The References page is a list of the works you used to write your paper.
- Double-space the entire page.
- Alphabetize entries by the author’s last name. If no author, alphabetize by title.
- The first line of each entry should be flush with the left margin. Subsequent lines are indented one-half inch (a single tab).